Monocalcium phosphate is used as a buffering agent, firming agent, sequestrant, leavening agent, dough conditioner, texturizer, yeast food, and nutrient. It is coded as E341 (i) by the European Union. It is used extensively in the fertilizer industry. It is used in Waffles, Toaster Pastries, Pancake Mixes, Brownies Mixes, self-rising flour and other pastry products. The additive helps frozen vegetables and canned fruits and vegetables maintain firmness.
Numerous animal studies have shown that excessive dietary phosphorus causes an increase of plasma phosphorus and a decrease in serum calcium. The resulting hypocalcaemia stimulates secretion of Parathyroid hormone (PTH) which in turn decreases calcium excretion and increases the rate of a process called bone resorption in which osteoclast, a bone cell break down bone and release the minerals, resulting in a transfer of calcium from bone fluid to the blood. These homeostatic adjustments to high dietary phosphorus may result in bone loss and calcification, a process in which calcium salts build up in soft tissue causing it to harden in animals. It does not produce any DNA damage*.
Phosphate as an additive should be related to the total dietary phosphate intake and the phosphate intake should be related to calcium intake. The latter point is without significance even if the additive is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid**. Other than this Monocalcium phosphates do not produce any adverse health effects when consumed.
The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) allocated a group (MTDI) Maximum Tolerable Daily Intake of 70 mg/kg body weight, as phosphorus from all food sources.
Showing posts with label phosphates. Show all posts
Showing posts with label phosphates. Show all posts
Wednesday, April 11, 2012
Thursday, March 29, 2012
Calcium ：How does it work and Are there safety concerns?
How does it work?
The bones and teeth contain over 99% of the calcium in the human body. Calcium is also found in the blood, muscles, and other tissue. Calcium in the bones can be used as a reserve that can be released into the body as needed. The concentration of calcium in the body tends to decline as we age because it is released from the body through sweat, skin cells, and waste. In addition, as women age, absorption of calcium tends to decline due to reduced estrogen levels. Calcium absorption can vary depending on race, gender, and age.
Bones are always breaking down and rebuilding, and calcium is needed for this process. Taking extra calcium helps the bones rebuild properly and stay strong.
Are there safety concerns?
Calcium is LIKELY SAFE for most people when taken appropriately in recommended doses. Calcium can cause some minor side effects such as belching or gas.
Avoid taking too much calcium. The Institute of Medicine sets the daily tolerable upper intake level (UL) for calcium based on age as follows: Age 0-6 months, 1000 mg; 6-12 months, 1500 mg; 1-3 years, 2500 mg; 9-18 years, 3000 mg; 19-50 years, 2500 mg; 51+ years, 2000 mg. Higher doses increase the chance of having serious side effects. Some recent research also suggests that doses over the recommended daily requirement of 1000-1300 mg daily for most adults might increase the chance of heart attack. This research is concerning, but it is still too soon to say for certain that calcium is truly the cause of heart attack. Until more is known, continue consuming adequate amounts of calcium to meet daily requirements, but not excessive amounts of calcium. Be sure to consider total calcium intake from both dietary and supplemental sources and try not to exceed 1000-1300 mg of calcium per day. To figure out dietary calcium, count 300 mg/day from non-dairy foods plus 300 mg/cup of milk or fortified orange juice.
Special Precautions & Warnings:
Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Calcium is LIKELY SAFE when used in recommended amounts during pregnancy and breast-feeding.
High levels of phosphate in the blood (hyperphosphatemia) or low levels of phosphate in the blood (hypophosphatemia): Calcium and phosphate have to be in balance in the body. Taking too much calcium can throw this balance off and cause harm. Don’t take extra calcium without your health provider’s supervision.
Under-active thyroid (hypothyroidism): Calcium can interfere with thyroid hormone replacement treatment. Separate calcium and thyroid medications by at least 4 hours.
Too much calcium in the blood (as in parathyroid gland disorders and sarcoidosis): Calcium should be avoided if you have one of these conditions.
Are there any interactions with Herbs and Supplements?
Magnesium
Calcium supplements can decrease the absorption of dietary magnesium, but only at very high doses (2600 mg per day). However, in people who have enough magnesium stored in their bodies, taking calcium doesn’t cause a problem over the long term. People at high risk for magnesium deficiency, however, should take calcium supplements at bedtime, instead of with meals, to avoid reducing dietary magnesium absorption.
Vitamin D
Taking vitamin D along with calcium increases absorption of calcium.
Are there interactions with Foods?
Caffeine
High caffeine intake from foods and beverages causes the body to remove calcium. Taking more than 300 mg of caffeine per day (three to four cups of coffee, or six 12-oz. cola drinks) is linked to increased bone loss and breaks in elderly women, especially when calcium intake is low. Be sure to get the amount of calcium from food and supplements that is recommended for your age and gender.
Fiber
Dietary fiber from certain sources can interfere with calcium absorption. These sources include wheat bran, spinach, rhubarb, and others. It’s best not to eat fibrous foods within two hours of taking calcium supplements.
Iron
Calcium supplements may decrease the absorption of dietary iron. However, in people who have enough iron stored in their body, taking calcium doesn’t cause a problem over the long term. People who are at high risk for iron deficiency should take calcium supplements at bedtime, instead of with meals, to avoid reducing the absorption of iron.
Magnesium
Calcium supplements may decrease the absorption of dietary magnesium. However, in people who have enough magnesium stored in their body, taking calcium doesn’t cause a problem over the long term. People who are at high risk for magnesium deficiency should take calcium supplements at bedtime, instead of with meals, to avoid reducing the absorption of magnesium.
Sodium
Eating foods that contain a lot of sodium causes the body to remove calcium. A calcium intake of 1000 mg/day is needed to prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women ingesting 2000 mg sodium chloride daily. About 1500 mg/day calcium is needed if sodium chloride intake is 3000 mg/day.
Zinc
Calcium supplements may decrease the absorption of dietary zinc. However, in people who have enough zinc stored in their body, taking calcium doesn’t cause a problem over the long term. People who are at high risk for zinc deficiency should take calcium supplements at bedtime, instead of with meals, to avoid reducing the absorption of zinc.
The bones and teeth contain over 99% of the calcium in the human body. Calcium is also found in the blood, muscles, and other tissue. Calcium in the bones can be used as a reserve that can be released into the body as needed. The concentration of calcium in the body tends to decline as we age because it is released from the body through sweat, skin cells, and waste. In addition, as women age, absorption of calcium tends to decline due to reduced estrogen levels. Calcium absorption can vary depending on race, gender, and age.
Bones are always breaking down and rebuilding, and calcium is needed for this process. Taking extra calcium helps the bones rebuild properly and stay strong.
Are there safety concerns?
Calcium is LIKELY SAFE for most people when taken appropriately in recommended doses. Calcium can cause some minor side effects such as belching or gas.
Avoid taking too much calcium. The Institute of Medicine sets the daily tolerable upper intake level (UL) for calcium based on age as follows: Age 0-6 months, 1000 mg; 6-12 months, 1500 mg; 1-3 years, 2500 mg; 9-18 years, 3000 mg; 19-50 years, 2500 mg; 51+ years, 2000 mg. Higher doses increase the chance of having serious side effects. Some recent research also suggests that doses over the recommended daily requirement of 1000-1300 mg daily for most adults might increase the chance of heart attack. This research is concerning, but it is still too soon to say for certain that calcium is truly the cause of heart attack. Until more is known, continue consuming adequate amounts of calcium to meet daily requirements, but not excessive amounts of calcium. Be sure to consider total calcium intake from both dietary and supplemental sources and try not to exceed 1000-1300 mg of calcium per day. To figure out dietary calcium, count 300 mg/day from non-dairy foods plus 300 mg/cup of milk or fortified orange juice.
Special Precautions & Warnings:
Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Calcium is LIKELY SAFE when used in recommended amounts during pregnancy and breast-feeding.
High levels of phosphate in the blood (hyperphosphatemia) or low levels of phosphate in the blood (hypophosphatemia): Calcium and phosphate have to be in balance in the body. Taking too much calcium can throw this balance off and cause harm. Don’t take extra calcium without your health provider’s supervision.
Under-active thyroid (hypothyroidism): Calcium can interfere with thyroid hormone replacement treatment. Separate calcium and thyroid medications by at least 4 hours.
Too much calcium in the blood (as in parathyroid gland disorders and sarcoidosis): Calcium should be avoided if you have one of these conditions.
Are there any interactions with Herbs and Supplements?
Magnesium
Calcium supplements can decrease the absorption of dietary magnesium, but only at very high doses (2600 mg per day). However, in people who have enough magnesium stored in their bodies, taking calcium doesn’t cause a problem over the long term. People at high risk for magnesium deficiency, however, should take calcium supplements at bedtime, instead of with meals, to avoid reducing dietary magnesium absorption.
Vitamin D
Taking vitamin D along with calcium increases absorption of calcium.
Are there interactions with Foods?
Caffeine
High caffeine intake from foods and beverages causes the body to remove calcium. Taking more than 300 mg of caffeine per day (three to four cups of coffee, or six 12-oz. cola drinks) is linked to increased bone loss and breaks in elderly women, especially when calcium intake is low. Be sure to get the amount of calcium from food and supplements that is recommended for your age and gender.
Fiber
Dietary fiber from certain sources can interfere with calcium absorption. These sources include wheat bran, spinach, rhubarb, and others. It’s best not to eat fibrous foods within two hours of taking calcium supplements.
Iron
Calcium supplements may decrease the absorption of dietary iron. However, in people who have enough iron stored in their body, taking calcium doesn’t cause a problem over the long term. People who are at high risk for iron deficiency should take calcium supplements at bedtime, instead of with meals, to avoid reducing the absorption of iron.
Magnesium
Calcium supplements may decrease the absorption of dietary magnesium. However, in people who have enough magnesium stored in their body, taking calcium doesn’t cause a problem over the long term. People who are at high risk for magnesium deficiency should take calcium supplements at bedtime, instead of with meals, to avoid reducing the absorption of magnesium.
Sodium
Eating foods that contain a lot of sodium causes the body to remove calcium. A calcium intake of 1000 mg/day is needed to prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women ingesting 2000 mg sodium chloride daily. About 1500 mg/day calcium is needed if sodium chloride intake is 3000 mg/day.
Zinc
Calcium supplements may decrease the absorption of dietary zinc. However, in people who have enough zinc stored in their body, taking calcium doesn’t cause a problem over the long term. People who are at high risk for zinc deficiency should take calcium supplements at bedtime, instead of with meals, to avoid reducing the absorption of zinc.
Sunday, March 25, 2012
What's the use of Sodium hexametaphosphate?
Sodium hexametaphosphate is a kind of chemicals,mainly used for food and industrial sectors.
The mainly applications for food industry including something like these.
Hexametaphosphate for meat, fish sausage, ham, etc., can improve the water holding capacity, increased knot, to prevent fat oxidation;
Used in miso, soy sauce to prevent discoloration, increase viscosity, reduce the fermentation period, adjust the taste;
Used in fruit drinks, soft drinks, juice can increase the rate of increase in viscosity, inhibit decomposition of vitamin C; for ice cream can improve the ability to expand, increasing the volume of paste to enhance emulsification to prevent damage and improve the taste and color;
For dairy products, beverages to prevent the gel precipitation;
Add beer to clarify wine, to prevent turbidity;
For beans, canned fruits and vegetables, can be stable natural pigment, protecting the food color;
Sodium hexametaphosphate solution sprayed on the marinated meat, can improve the performance.
The Sodium hexametaphosphate is used for industrial sector in these ways.
Sodium hexametaphosphate can be made with heated sodium monofluorophosphate sodium fluoride, which is an important industrial raw materials;
Sodium hexametaphosphate as a water softener, such as used in the dyeing and finishing, and play a role in soft water;
Hexametaphosphate is also widely used as an inhibitor EDI (resin electrodialysis), RO (reverse osmosis), NF (nanofiltration) and water treatment industries.
The mainly applications for food industry including something like these.
Hexametaphosphate for meat, fish sausage, ham, etc., can improve the water holding capacity, increased knot, to prevent fat oxidation;
Used in miso, soy sauce to prevent discoloration, increase viscosity, reduce the fermentation period, adjust the taste;
Used in fruit drinks, soft drinks, juice can increase the rate of increase in viscosity, inhibit decomposition of vitamin C; for ice cream can improve the ability to expand, increasing the volume of paste to enhance emulsification to prevent damage and improve the taste and color;
For dairy products, beverages to prevent the gel precipitation;
Add beer to clarify wine, to prevent turbidity;
For beans, canned fruits and vegetables, can be stable natural pigment, protecting the food color;
Sodium hexametaphosphate solution sprayed on the marinated meat, can improve the performance.
The Sodium hexametaphosphate is used for industrial sector in these ways.
Sodium hexametaphosphate can be made with heated sodium monofluorophosphate sodium fluoride, which is an important industrial raw materials;
Sodium hexametaphosphate as a water softener, such as used in the dyeing and finishing, and play a role in soft water;
Hexametaphosphate is also widely used as an inhibitor EDI (resin electrodialysis), RO (reverse osmosis), NF (nanofiltration) and water treatment industries.
Friday, March 23, 2012
how to use the trisodium phosphate
First, for hard water softener trisodium phosphate treatment agent for boiler water heater.
Note:
1 trisodium phosphate with water to form boiler scale easily soluble calcium, magnesium and other work, forming insoluble calcium phosphate Ca3 (PO4) 2, magnesium phosphate Mg3 (PO4) 2 and other sediment suspended in the water, so so that the boiler does not end boiler scale.
2, while the excess trisodium phosphate, but also the closed part of the pot into the soft dirt and off. Thus saving coal boiler, the boilers safety and maintenance of the boiler to extend the period of use. Reaction is as follows:
3CaSO4 +2 Na3PO4 → 3Na2SO4 + Ca3 (PO4) 2 ↓
3MgSO4 +2 Na3PO4 → 3Na2SO4 + Mg3 (PO4) ↓
Second, cotton scouring agent for cotton scouring water, water containing hardness, amount of trisodium phosphate should be added as a water softener. Its advantages can increase capillary effect fabric.
Note:
1 trisodium soften hard water, the liquid in the practice of burning? From being consumed by hard water, and promote the burning? For cotton scouring effect.
2. Trisodium phosphate and calcium in hard water, magnesium reaction, as insoluble calcium phosphate and magnesium phosphate; these phosphates is not sticky, not like the soap of calcium, magnesium, as glued to the fabric. In addition, with penetration and emulsification.
3 In general, water hardness, the use of trisodium phosphate is about 0.5 to 1 g / liter.
Thrid, as detergent, metal cleaning agent trisodium phosphate dissolved in water have creamy feel, can increase the wetting ability of water, a certain emulsion is applied to hard surfaces and excellent dirt on metal surfaces detergent.
Note:
1 1% trisodium phosphate solution available laboratory washing bottles, remove the dirt.
2 chrome-plated before printing cylinder, 5% trisodium phosphate solution can be cleared on the greasy surface of copper fountains to promote the smooth chrome spendthrift.
Note:
1 trisodium phosphate with water to form boiler scale easily soluble calcium, magnesium and other work, forming insoluble calcium phosphate Ca3 (PO4) 2, magnesium phosphate Mg3 (PO4) 2 and other sediment suspended in the water, so so that the boiler does not end boiler scale.
2, while the excess trisodium phosphate, but also the closed part of the pot into the soft dirt and off. Thus saving coal boiler, the boilers safety and maintenance of the boiler to extend the period of use. Reaction is as follows:
3CaSO4 +2 Na3PO4 → 3Na2SO4 + Ca3 (PO4) 2 ↓
3MgSO4 +2 Na3PO4 → 3Na2SO4 + Mg3 (PO4) ↓
Second, cotton scouring agent for cotton scouring water, water containing hardness, amount of trisodium phosphate should be added as a water softener. Its advantages can increase capillary effect fabric.
Note:
1 trisodium soften hard water, the liquid in the practice of burning? From being consumed by hard water, and promote the burning? For cotton scouring effect.
2. Trisodium phosphate and calcium in hard water, magnesium reaction, as insoluble calcium phosphate and magnesium phosphate; these phosphates is not sticky, not like the soap of calcium, magnesium, as glued to the fabric. In addition, with penetration and emulsification.
3 In general, water hardness, the use of trisodium phosphate is about 0.5 to 1 g / liter.
Thrid, as detergent, metal cleaning agent trisodium phosphate dissolved in water have creamy feel, can increase the wetting ability of water, a certain emulsion is applied to hard surfaces and excellent dirt on metal surfaces detergent.
Note:
1 1% trisodium phosphate solution available laboratory washing bottles, remove the dirt.
2 chrome-plated before printing cylinder, 5% trisodium phosphate solution can be cleared on the greasy surface of copper fountains to promote the smooth chrome spendthrift.
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